HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:CHAPTER IGENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1Subject matter1.This Regulation lays down rules to contribute to:(a)▌ biodiverse, ▌ resilient ▌ and productive ecosystems across the Member States’ land and sea areas through the restoration of degraded ecosystems; [Am. 113/rev1](b)achieving the Union’s overarching objectives concerning climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, including food security, energy transition and social housing, and land degradation neutrality; [Am. 114](c)meeting the Union’s international commitments.2.This Regulation establishes a framework within which Member States shall put in place ▌effective and area-based restoration measures with the aim to jointly cover, as a Union target, throughout the areas and ecosystems within the scope as defined in Article 2, by 2030, at least 20 % of ▌land and 20 % of the sea areas and, by 2050, all ecosystems in need of restoration.2a. This Regulation needs to create synergies and be coherent with existing and ongoing legislation, taking into account national competences and ensure consistency and coherence with the Union legislation on among others renewable energies, plant protection products, critical raw materials, agricultural and forestry. [Am. 116]

Article 2Geographical scopeThis Regulation applies to ecosystems referred to in Articles 4 to 10:(a)in the territory of Member States;(aa)in the coastal waters, as defined by Directive 2000/60/EC, of Member States, their seabed and their subsoil;(b)in waters, the seabed and subsoil on the seaward side of the baseline from which the extent of the territorial waters is measured extending to the outmost reach of the area where a Member State has or exercises sovereign rights or jurisdiction, in accordance with the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.This Regulation only applies to ecosystems in the European territory of the Member States to which the Treaties apply.

Article 3DefinitionsThe following definitions apply:(1)‘ecosystem’ means a dynamic complex of plant, animal, fungi and microorganism communities and their non-living environment, interacting as a functional unit, and includes habitat types, habitats of species and species populations;(2)‘habitat of a species’ means habitat of a species as defined in point (f) of Article 1 of Directive 92/43/EEC;(3)‘restoration’ means the process of actively or passively assisting the recovery of an ecosystem in order to improve its structure and functions with the aim of conserving or enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience; the restoration of ecosystems for the purposes of this Regulation is done through improving to good condition of a habitat type, ▌its re-establishing to favourable reference area and improving to sufficient quality and quantity of a habitat of a species in accordance with Article 4(1), (2) and (3) and Article 5 (1), (2) and (3) and fulfilling targets and obligations under Articles 6 to 10 including reaching satisfactory levels of indicators referred to in Articles 8(1), 9(2) and 10(2) as a means of conserving or enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem resilience;(4)‘good condition’ of a habitat type means a state where its key characteristics ▌, in particular its structure and functions and its typical species or typical species composition reflect the high level of ecological integrity, stability and resilience necessary to ensure its long-term maintenance and thus contribute to reaching or maintaining favourable conservation status according to Article 1, point (e), of Directive 92/43/EEC, where the habitat type concerned is listed in Annex I of that Directive, and, in marine ecosystems, contribute to achieving or maintaining good environmental status according to Article 3(5) of Directive 2008/56/EC;(5)‘favourable reference area’ means the total area of a habitat type in a given biogeographical region or marine region at national level that is considered the minimum necessary to ensure the long-term viability of the habitat type and its typical species or typical species composition, and all its significant ecological variations in its natural range, and which is composed of the area of the habitat type and, if that area is not sufficient, the area necessary for the re-establishment of the habitat type; where the habitat type concerned is listed in Annex I to Directive 92/43/EEC, such re-establishment contributes to reaching favourable conservation status according to Article 1, point (e), of that Directive and, in marine ecosystems, such re-establishment contributes to achieving or maintaining good environmental status according to Article 3(5) of Directive 2008/56/EC;(6)‘sufficient quality of habitat’ means the quality of a habitat of a species which allows the ecological requirements of a species to be met at any stage of its biological cycle so that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its habitat in its natural range, contributing to reaching or maintaining favourable conservation status of species according to the Article 1, point (i) of Directive 92/43/EEC for species listed in Annex II, IV or V to that Directive and securing populations of wild bird species covered by Directive 2009/147/EC and, in addition, in marine ecosystems, contributing to achieving or maintaining good environmental status according to Article 3(5) of Directive 2008/56/EC;(7)‘sufficient quantity of habitat’ means the quantity of a habitat of a species which allows the ecological requirements of a species to be met at any stage of its biological cycle so that it is maintaining itself on a long-term basis as a viable component of its habitat in its natural range, contributing to reaching or maintaining favourable conservation status of species according to the Article 1, point (i), of Directive 92/43/EEC for species listed in Annex II, IV or V to that Directive and securing populations of wild bird species covered by Directive 2009/147/EC and, in addition, in marine ecosystems, contributing to achieving or maintaining good environmental status according to Article 3(5) of Directive 2008/56/EC;(7a) ‘deterioration’ means causing a net adverse effect on the habitat types and habitats of species covered by Article 4(6) and (7) and Article 5(6) and (7), in so far as that effect could be significant in relation to the overall objective of Articles 4 and 5 to maintain or restore such habitat types and habitats of species to a favourable conservation status at national and, dependent of the habitat type or the habitat of a species concerned, at a biogeographical level. [Am. 117/rev1](8)‘pollinator’ means a wild insect which transports pollen from the anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds;(9)‘decline of pollinator populations’ means a decrease in abundance or diversity, or both, of pollinators;(9a)‘native tree species’ means a tree species occurring within its natural range (past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. within the range it occupies naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care by humans); (10)‘local administrative unit’ or ‘LAU’ means a low-level administrative division of a Member State below that of a province, region or state, established in accordance with Article 4 of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS) (OJ L 154, 21.6.2003, p. 1).;(10a)‘urban centres’ and ‘urban clusters’ means territorial units classified in cities and towns and suburbs using the grid-based typology established in accordance with Article 4b.2 of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003;(11)‘cities’ means LAUs where at least 50 % of the population lives in one or more urban centres, measured using the degree of urbanisation established in accordance with Article 4b.3, point (a), of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003;(12)‘towns and suburbs’ means LAUs where less than 50 % of the population lives in an urban centre, but at least 50 % of the population lives in an urban cluster, measured using the degree of urbanisation established in accordance with Article 4b.3, point (a) of Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003;(12a)‘peri-urban areas’ means areas adjacent to urban centres or urban clusters, including at least all areas within 1 kilometre measured from the outer limits of those urban centres or urban clusters, and located in the same city or the same town and suburb as those urban centres or urban clusters;(13)‘urban green space’ means the total area of trees, bushes, shrubs, permanent herbaceous vegetation, lichens and mosses, ponds and watercourses found within cities or towns and suburbs calculated on the basis of data provided by the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service as established by Regulation (EU) 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the CouncilRegulation (EU) 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing the Union Space Programme and the European Union Agency for the Space Programme and repealing Regulations (EU) No 912/2010, (EU) No 1285/2013 and (EU) No 377/2014 and Decision No 541/2014/EU (OJ L 170, 12.5.2021, p. 69)., and, if available for the Member State concerned, other appropriate supplementary data provided by that Member State;(14)‘urban tree canopy cover’ means the total area of tree cover within cities and towns and suburbs, calculated on the basis of the Tree Cover Density data provided by the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service as established by Regulation (EU) 2021/696 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and, if available for the Member State concerned, other appropriate supplementary data provided by that Member State;(14a)‘free flowing river’ means a river or a stretch of river whose longitudinal, lateral and vertical connectivity is not hindered by artificial structures forming a barrier and whose natural functions are largely unaffected;(14b) ‘rewetting peatland’ means the process of changing a drained peat soil towards a wet soil;(15)‘renewables acceleration area’ means renewables acceleration area as defined in point 9(a) of Article 2 of Directive 2018/2001/EU of the European Parliament and of the CouncilProposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings and Directive 2012/27/EU on energy efficiency, COM(2022)222 final..

CHAPTER IIRESTORATION TARGETS AND OBLIGATIONS

Article 4Restoration of terrestrial, coastal and freshwater ecosystems1.Member States shall aim to put in place the restoration measures in Natura 2000 sites that are necessary to move towards reaching favourable conservation status of habitat types listed in Annex I which are not in good condition. Such measures shall be put in place on Natura 2000 network area of habitat types listed in Annex I that are not in good condition, as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in Article 12. [Am. 21]2.Member States shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to re-establish the habitat types listed in Annex I in areas not covered by those habitat types with the aim to reach their favourable reference area. Such measures shall be in place in areas necessary to ensure fulfilment of the goals laid down in paragraph 1 of this Article▌. [Am. 99]3.Member States shall put in place the restoration measures for the terrestrial, coastal and freshwater habitats of the species listed in Annexes II, IV and V to Directive 92/43/EEC and of the terrestrial, coastal and freshwater habitats of wild birds covered by Directive 2009/147/EC that are, in addition to the restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, necessary to improve the quality and quantity of those habitats, including by re-establishing them, and to enhance connectivity, until sufficient quality and quantity of those habitats is achieved.4.The determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest scientific evidence of the condition of the habitat types listed in Annex I, measured by the structure and functions which are necessary for their long-term maintenance including their typical species, as referred to in Article 1(e) of Directive 92/43/EEC, and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, making use of information reported under Article 17 of Directive 92/43/EEC and Article 12 of Directive 2009/147/EC, and where appropriate taking into account the diversity of situations in various regions as referred to in Article 11(9a).4a.Member States shall ensure, by 2030 at the latest, that the condition is known for at least 90% of area distributed overall habitat types listed in Annex I. The condition of all areas of habitat types listed in Annex I shall be known by 2040.5.The restoration measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall consider the need for improved connectivity between the habitat types listed in Annex I and take into account the ecological requirements of the species referred to in paragraph 3 that occur in those habitat types.6.Member States shall endeavour to ensure that the total national area in good condition and the total amount of area with a sufficient quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 does not significantly decrease over time. [Am. 100]▌ [Ams. 25, 101 and 121]8.Outside Natura 2000 sites, the non-fulfilment of the obligations set out in paragraph 6 ▌is justified if it is caused by:(a)force majeure including natural disasters;(b)unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change; ▌(c)a plan or project of overriding public interest for which no less damaging alternative solutions are available, to be determined on a case by case basis; (ca) in exceptional circumstances, linked to the realisation or continuation of activities of public interest, the non-fulfilment of the obligations set out in paragraph 6 shall be justified, provided that it does not jeopardise the achievement of the restoration targets set out in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3. Member States shall inform the Commission about such exceptional circumstances and duly justify them without delay; or [Am. 6](d)action or inaction from third countries for which the Member State concerned is not responsible.8a.Outside Natura 2000 sites, the obligation to put in place necessary measures set out in paragraph 7 does not apply to deterioration caused by: (a)force majeure including natural disasters;(b)unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change; (c)plans or projects of overriding public interest for which no less damaging alternative solutions are available; or(d)action or inaction from third countries for which the Member State concerned is not responsible.9.For Natura 2000 sites, the non-fulfilment of the obligations set out in paragraphs 6 and 7, is justified if it is caused by:(a)force majeure including natural disasters;(b)unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change:; or(c)a plan or project authorised in accordance with Article 6(4) of the Directive 92/43/EEC.10.Member States shall ensure that there is:(a)an increase of habitat area in good condition for habitat types listed in Annex I until at least 90 % is in good condition and until the favourable reference area for each habitat type in each biogeographic region of the Member State concerned is reached;(b)an increasing trend towards the sufficient quality and quantity of the terrestrial, coastal and freshwater habitats of the species referred to in Annexes II, IV and V to Directive 92/43/EEC and of the species covered by Directive 2009/147/EC.10a. In the measures to be taken under this Article, Member States shall take into account economic, social and cultural requirements and regional and local particularities, in accordance with Article 2(3) of Directive 92/43/EEC. [Am. 27]

Article 5Restoration of marine ecosystems1.Member States shall put in place the restoration measures that are necessary to improve to good condition areas of habitat types listed in Annex II which are not in good condition. Such measures shall be in place:(a)on at least 30 % by 2030 of the total area of groups 1–6 of habitat types listed in Annex II that is not in good condition, as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in Article 12;(b)on at least 60 % by 2040 and on at least 90 % by 2050 of the area of each of the groups 1–6 of habitat types listed in Annex II that is not in good condition, as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in Article 12;(c)on two thirds of the percentage, referred to in point (d), by 2040 of the area of group 7 of habitat types listed in Annex II that is not in good condition, as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in Article 12; and(d)on a percentage, identified in accordance with Article 11(2a), by 2050 of the area of group 7 of habitat types listed in Annex II that is not in good condition, as quantified in the national restoration plan referred to in Article 12. The percentage, referred to in point (d) of this paragraph, shall be set so as not to prevent good environmental status, as determined pursuant to Article 9(1) of Directive 2008/56/EC, from being achieved or maintained.▌ [Am. 29]3.Member States shall put in place the restoration measures for the marine habitats of species listed in Annex III and in Annexes II, IV and V to Directive 92/43/EEC and for the marine habitats of wild birds covered under Directive 2009/147/EC, that are, in addition to the restoration measures put in place in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, necessary in order to improve the quality and quantity of those habitats, including by re-establishing them, and to enhance connectivity, until sufficient quality and quantity of those habitats is achieved.4.The determination of the most suitable areas for restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article shall be based on the best available knowledge and the latest technical and scientific progress in determining the condition of the habitat types listed in Annex II, ▌and of the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, making use of information reported under Article 17 of Directive 92/43/EEC, Article 12 of Directive 2009/147/EC and Article 178 of Directive 2008/56/EC.4a.Member States shall ensure, by 2030 at the latest, that the condition is known for at least 50% of the area distributed over all habitat types listed in groups 1–6 of Annex II. The condition of all areas of groups 1–6 of habitat types listed in Annex II shall be known by 2040. Member States shall also ensure, by 2040 at the latest, that the condition is known for at least 50% of the area distributed over all habitat types listed in group 7 of Annex II. The condition of all areas of group 7 of habitat types listed in Annex II shall be known by 2050. 5.The restoration measures referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall consider the need for improved ecological coherence and connectivity between the habitat types listed in Annex II and take into account the ecological requirements of the species referred to in paragraph 3 that occur in those habitat types.6.Member States shall endeavour to ensure that the areas that are subject to restoration measures in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 show a continuous improvement in the condition of the habitat types listed in Annex II until good condition is reached, and a continuous improvement of the quality of the habitats of the species referred to in paragraph 3, until the sufficient quality of those habitats is reached. Member States shall endeavour to put in place, where possible, necessary measures with the aim to prevent that areas in which good condition has been reached, and in which the sufficient quality of the habitats of the species has been reached, do not significantly deteriorate on a national level. [Am. 125/rev1]▌ [Ams. 32, 104 and 126/rev1]8.Outside Natura 2000 sites, the non-fulfilment of the obligations set out in paragraph 6 ▌is justified if caused by:(a)force majeure including natural disasters;(b)unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change; ▌▌(ca) in exceptional circumstances, linked to the realisation or continuation of activities of public interest, the non-fulfilment of the obligations set out in paragraph 6 shall be justified, provided that it does not jeopardise the achievement of the restoration targets set out in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3. Member States shall inform the Commission about such exceptional circumstances and duly justify them without delay; [Am. 7](d) action or inaction from third countries for which the Member State concerned is not responsible.8a.Outside Natura 2000 sites, the obligation to put in place necessary measures set out in paragraph 7 does not apply to deterioration caused by: (a)force majeure including natural disasters;(b)unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change; (c)plans or projects of overriding public interest, for which no less damaging alternative solutions are available; or(d)action or inaction from third countries for which the Member State concerned is not responsible.9.For Natura 2000 sites, the non-fulfilment of the obligation set out in paragraphs 6 and 7, is justified if caused by:(a)force majeure, including natural disasters;(b)unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change; or(c)a plan or project authorised in accordance with Article 6(4) of the Directive 92/43/EEC.10.Member States shall ensure that there is:(a)an increase of habitat area in good condition for habitat types listed in groups 1–6 of Annex II until at least 90 % is in good condition and until the favourable reference area for each habitat type in each biogeographic region of the Member State concerned is reached;(aa)an increase of habitat area in good condition for habitat types listed in group 7 of Annex II until at least the percentage, referred to in paragraph 1, point (d), is in good condition and until the favourable reference area for each habitat type in each biogeographical region of the Member State concerned is reached;(b)a positive trend towards the sufficient quality and quantity of the marine habitats of the species listed in Annex III and in Annexes II, IV and V to Directive 92/43/EEC and of the species covered by Directive 2009/147/EC.

Article 5aEnergy from renewable sources For the purposes of Articles 4(8) and (8a) and 5(8) and (8a), the planning, construction and operation of plants for the production of energy from renewable sources, their connection to the grid and the related grid itself and storage assets shall be presumed as being in the overriding public interest. Member States may exempt them from the requirement that no less damaging alternative solutions are available under Articles 4(8) and (8a) and 5(8) and (8a), if a strategic environmental assessment has been carried out in accordance with the conditions set out in Directive 2001/42/EC or if they have been subject to an environmental impact assessment in accordance with the conditions set out in Directive (EU) 2011/92. Member States may restrict in duly justified and specific circumstances the application of these provisions to certain parts of their territory as well as to certain types of technologies or to projects with certain technical characteristics in accordance with the priorities set in their national integrated energy and climate plans pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1999. Member States shall inform the Commission about applied restrictions and justify them.

Article 5bNational defence1.When putting in place restoration measures for the purposes of Articles 4(1), (2) and (3) and 5(1), (2) and (3), Member States may exempt areas used for activities with the sole purpose of national defence, if these measures are deemed to be incompatible with the continued military use of the areas in question.2.For the purposes of Articles 4(8) and (8a) and 5(8) and (8a), Member States may provide that plans and projects for the sole purpose of national defence, are presumed as being in the overriding public interest. For the purposes of Articles 4(8) and (8a) and 5(8) and (8a), Member States may also exempt such plans and projects from the requirement that no less damaging alternative solutions are available. However, where this exemption is applied, the Member State concerned shall put in place measures, as far as reasonable and practicable, with the aim to mitigate the impacts on the habitat types.

Article 6Restoration of urban ecosystems1.Member States shall ensure that there is no net loss in the total national area of urban green space, and of urban tree canopy cover in urban ecosystem areas, determined in accordance with Article 11(2b), by 31 December 2030, compared to [year of entry into force of this Regulation]. For the purposes of this obligation, Member States may exclude from that total national area the urban ecosystem areas in which the share of urban green space in the urban centres and urban clusters exceeds 45 % and the share of urban tree canopy cover therein exceeds 10 %.2.Member States shall achieve thereafter an increasing trend in the total national area of urban green space, including through integration of urban green space into buildings and infrastructure, in urban ecosystem areas, determined in accordance with Article 11(2b), measured every six years after 31 December 2030, until a satisfactory level identified in accordance with Article 11(3) is reached.3.Member States shall achieve, in each urban ecosystem area, determined in accordance with Article 11(2b), an increasing trend of ▌urban tree canopy cover, measured every six years after 31 December 2030, until the satisfactory level identified in accordance with Article 11(3) is reached.

Article 7Restoration of the natural connectivity of rivers and natural functions of the related floodplains1.Member States shall make an inventory of artificial barriers to ▌connectivity of surface waters and, taking into account their socio-economic functions, identify the barriers that need to be removed to contribute to the achievement of the restoration targets set out in Article 4 of this Regulation and of the objective of restoring at least 25 000 km of rivers into free-flowing rivers in the Union by 2030, without prejudice to Directive 2000/60/EC, in particular Articles 4(3), 4(5) and 4(7) thereof, and Regulation 1315/2013, in particular Article 15 thereof.2.Member States shall remove the artificial barriers to ▌connectivity of surface waters based on the inventory under paragraph 1 of this Article, in accordance with the plan for their removal referred to in Article 12(2), points (e) and (f). When removing barriers, Member States shall primarily address obsolete barriers, which are those that are no longer needed for renewable energy generation, inland navigation, water supply, flood protection, or other uses.3.Member States shall complement the removal of the barriers referred to in paragraph 2, by the measures necessary to improve the natural functions of the related floodplains.4.Member States shall ensure that natural connectivity of rivers and natural functions of the related floodplains restored in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 are maintained.

Article 8Restoration of pollinator populations1.Member States shall, by putting in place appropriate and effective measures, improve pollinator diversity and reverse the decline of pollinator populations at the latest by 2030 and achieve thereafter an increasing trend of pollinator populations, following the entry into force of the Regulation and measured every six years after 2030, until satisfactory levels are achieved, as set out in accordance with Article 11(3). [Am. 88]2.By ... [9 months after the entry into force of this Regulation], the Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 20 to establish a science-based method for monitoring pollinator diversity and populations. ▌ [Am. 89]3.The method referred to in the paragraph 2 shall provide guidance to Member States for the purpose of defining satisfactory levels pursuant to Article 11(3) and provide a standardised approach for collecting annual data on the abundance and diversity of pollinator species across ecosystems, for assessing pollinator population trends and the effectiveness of restoration measures adopted by Member States in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article. [Am. 90]3a.Member States and the Commission shall ensure that monitoring data comes from an adequate number of sites to ensure representativeness across the territory. Member States shall ensure sufficient resources for the monitoring and promote citizen science. [Am. 91]3b.The Commission and the relevant Union agencies, in particular the EEA, EFSA and ECHA, shall jointly address the main pressures pollinators face and support the Member States upon their request. [Am. 92]▌ [Am. 34]

Article 10Restoration of forest ecosystems1.Member States shall put in place the restoration measures necessary to enhance biodiversity of forest ecosystems, in addition to the areas that are subject to restoration measures pursuant to Article 4(1), (2) and (3)2.Member States shall achieve an increasing trend at national level of each of the following indicators in forest ecosystems, as further set out in Annex VI, measured in the period from the date of entry into force of this Regulation until 31 December 2030, and every six years thereafter, until the satisfactory levels identified in accordance with Article 11(3) are reached:▌ [Am. 129/rev1]▌ [Am. 130/rev1]▌▌(c)common forest bird index.▌2a.Member States shall achieve an increasing trend at national level of three of the following indicators in forest ecosystems, as further set out in Annex VI, chosen on the basis of their ability to demonstrate the enhancement of biodiversity of forest ecosystems within the Member State concerned. The trend shall be measured in the period from the date of entry into force of this Regulation until 31 December 2030, and every six years thereafter, until the satisfactory levels identified in accordance with Article 11(3) are reached:(a)share of forests with uneven-aged structure;(b)forest connectivity; (c)stock of organic carbon;(d)share of forests dominated by native tree species;(e)tree species diversity.3.The non-fulfilment of the obligations set out in paragraphs 2 and 2a is justified if caused by:(a)large-scale force majeure, including natural disasters, in particular unplanned and uncontrolled wildfire; or(b)unavoidable habitat transformations which are directly caused by climate change.

Article 10aPlanting of three billion additional trees1.When identifying and implementing the restoration measures to meet the objectives and obligations set out in Articles 4, 6, 9 and 10, Member States shall contribute to the achievement of the Union objective of planting at least three billion additional trees by 2030.2.Member States shall ensure that the objective set out in paragraph 1 is achieved in full respect of ecological principles, ensuring species diversity, prioritising native tree species except for, in very specific cases and conditions, non-native species adapted to the local soil, climatic and ecological context and habitat conditions that play a role in fostering increased resilience to climate change. The measures to achieve the objective shall aim at increasing connectivity and be based on proforestation, sustainable reforestation and the greening of urban areas.3.Trees planted for harvesting purposes shall not count for the objective set out in paragraph 1. [Am. 80]

CHAPTER IIINATIONAL RESTORATION PLANS

Article 11Preparation of the national restoration plans1.Member States shall prepare national restoration plans and carry out the preparatory monitoring and research needed to identify the restoration measures that are necessary to contribute to the Union targets and meet the obligations set out in Articles 4 to 10, taking into account the latest scientific evidence, the needs of local communities, including urban ones, the most cost-effective measures and the socio-economic impact of those measures. An appropriate stakeholder involvement, including landowners and land managers, at each stage of the process is necessary. [Am. 35]2.Member states shall quantify the area that needs to be restored to reach the restoration targets set out in Articles 4 and 5 taking into account the condition of the habitat types referred to in Articles 4(1), 4(2), 5(1) and 5(2) and the quality and quantity of the habitats of the species referred to in Article 4(3) and Article 5(3) ▌. The quantification shall be based, amongst others, on the following information:(a)for each habitat type:(i)the total habitat area and a map of its current distribution;(ii)the habitat area not in good condition;(iii)the favourable reference area taking into account records of historical distribution and the projected changes to environmental conditions due to climate change;▌ [Am. 37](b)the sufficient quality and quantity of the habitats of the species required for achieving their favourable conservation status, taking into account the areas most suitable ▌ of those habitatsbearing in mind changes ▌ due to climate change and the roles that the land plays in terms of food production, and the competing needs of the habitats and species; [Am. 38](ba)for the purpose of quantifying the area of each habitat type that needs to be restored to reach the restoration targets set out in Article 4(1), point (a), and Article 5(1), point (a), the habitat area not in good condition referred to in point (a)(ii) shall only include such areas for which the condition is known; (bb)for the purpose of quantifying the area of each habitat type that needs to be restored to reach the restoration targets set out in Articles 4(1), point (b), and 5(1), points (b), (c) and (d), the habitat area not in good condition as referred to in point (a)(ii) of this paragraph shall only include such areas for which the condition is known or is to be known pursuant to Articles 4(4a) and 5(4a);(bc) feasibility of restoration, cost-effectiveness and conflicting socio-economic interests; [Am. 39](bd) population densities and scarcity of space in the Member State. [Am. 40]2a.The financing of funding gaps in relation to the implementation of this Regulation shall be ensured without using any funding from the CAP, the CFP or other agricultural and fisheries funding streams. [Am. 134]2b.With regard to group 7 of habitat types listed in Annex II, Member States shall set the percentage referred to in Article 5(1), point (d). 2c.Member States shall determine and map urban ecosystem areas as referred to in Article 6 for all their cities and towns and suburbs.The urban ecosystem area of a city or of a town and suburb shall include:(a)the entire city or town and suburb; or(b)parts of the city or of the town and suburb, including at least its urban centres, urban clusters and, if deemed appropriate by the Member State concerned, peri-urban areas.Member States may aggregate the urban ecosystem areas of two or more adjacent cities and/or towns and suburbs into one urban ecosystem area common to those cities and/or towns and suburbs.3.Member States shall set, by 2030 at the latest, satisfactory levels for each of the indicators referred to in Articles 8(1), 9(2), 10(2), for each of the chosen indicators in Article 10(2a) and for urban green space referred to in Article 6(2) and for urban tree canopy cover referred to in Article 6(3), through an open and effective process and assessment, based on the latest scientific evidence▌, the guiding framework referred to in Article 17(9a) and, if available, the guiding framework referred to in Article 17(9).4.Member States shall identify and map the agricultural and forest areas in need of restoration, in particular the areas that, due to intensification or other management factors, are in need of enhanced connectivity and landscape diversity.4a.Member States may, within one year from the entry into force of this Regulation, develop a methodology to complement the methodology referred to in Annex IV, in order to monitor high diversity landscape features not covered by the common method referred to in the description of high diversity landscape features in that Annex. The Commission shall provide guidance on the framework for developing such methodology within one month from the entry into force of this Regulation.4b.Member States shall, where applicable, determine the reduction of the extent of rewetting peatland as referred to in Article 9(4), fifth subparagraph. 5.Member States shall identify synergies with climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, land degradation neutrality and disaster prevention and prioritise restoration measures accordingly. Member States shall also take into account:(a)their integrated national energy and climate plan referred to in Article 3 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999;(b)their long-term strategy referred to in Article 15 of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999;(c)the Union binding target for 2030 set out in Article 3 of Directive 2018/2001/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.6.Member States shall coordinate the development of national restoration plans with the mapping of areas that are required in order to meet at least their national contributions towards the 2030 renewable energy target and, where relevant, with the designation of the renewables acceleration areas and dedicated infrastructure areas. During the preparation of the nature restoration plans, Member States shall ensure synergies with the build-up of renewable energy and energy infrastructure and the already designated renewables acceleration areas and dedicated infrastructure areas and ensure that the functioning of these renewables ▌areas, including the permitting procedures applicable in these renewables ▌areas foreseen by Directive (EU) 2018/2001, as well as the functioning of grid projects that are necessary to integrate renewable energy into the electricity system and the respective permitting procedures, remain unchanged.7.When preparing their national restoration plans, Member States shall in particular take the following into account:(a)the conservation measures established for Natura 2000 sites in accordance with Directive 92/43/EEC;(b)prioritised action frameworks prepared in accordance with Directive 92/43/EEC;(c)measures for achieving good quantitative, ecological and chemical status of water bodies included in programmes of measures and river basin management plans prepared in accordance with Directive 2000/60/EC and flood risk management plans established in accordance with Directive 2000/60/EC;(d)where applicable, marine strategies for achieving good environmental status for all Union marine regions prepared in accordance with Directive 2008/56/EC;(e)national air pollution control programmes prepared under Directive (EU) 2016/2284;(f)national biodiversity strategies and action plans developed in accordance with Article 6 of the Convention on Biological Diversity;(g)where applicable, conservation and management measures adopted under the common fisheries policy;(h)CAP strategic plans drawn up in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2021/2115.8.Member States may, when preparing the national restoration plans, make use of the different examples of restoration measures listed in Annex VII, depending on specific national and local conditions, and the latest scientific evidence.9.Member States shall, when preparing the national restoration plans, aim at optimising the ecological, economic and social functions of ecosystems as well as their contribution to the sustainable development of the relevant regions and communities.9a.Member States may, when preparing the national restoration plans, take into account, the diversity of situations in various regions related to social, economic and cultural requirements, regional and local characteristics and population density. Where appropriate, the specific situation of the Union’s outermost regions, such as their remoteness, insularity, small size, difficult topography and climate, as well as their rich biodiversity and the associated costs for protecting and restoring their ecosystems, should be taken into account. 10.Member States shall, where possible, foster synergies with the national restoration plans of other Member States, in particular for ecosystems that span across borders or where Members States share a marine region or subregion within the meaning of Directive 2008/56/EC.10a.Member States may, where practical and appropriate, for the purpose of establishing and implementing national restoration plans, in relation to the restoration and re-establishment of marine ecosystems, use existing regional institutional cooperation structures.10b.Where Member States identify an issue which is likely to prevent the fulfilment of the obligations to restore and re-establish marine ecosystems and which requires measures for which they are not competent, they shall, individually or jointly, address, where concerned, Member States, the Commission or international organisations, with a description of the identified issues and possible measures, with a view to their consideration and possible adoption.11.Member States shall ensure that the preparation of the restoration plan is open, transparent, inclusive and effective and that the public especially landowners, land managers, maritime stakeholders, and other relevant actors, such as advice and extension services , in compliance with the principle of prior and informed consent, are given early and effective opportunities to participate in the preparation of the plan. Local and regional authorities, as well as relevant management authorities, shall be properly involved in the preparation of the plan. Consultations shall comply with the requirements set out in ▌Directive 2001/42/EC. [Am. 12]

Article 12Content of the national restoration plans1.The national restoration plan shall cover the period up to 2050, with intermediate deadlines corresponding to the targets and obligations set out in Articles 4 to 10.1a.By way of derogation from paragraph 1, the national restoration plan to be submitted in accordance with Article 13 and Article 14(6) may, with regard to the period beyond June 2032, and until reviewed in accordance with Article 15(1), be limited to a strategic overview of:(a)the elements referred to in paragraph 2, and;(b)the contents referred to in paragraphs 3 and 3a.The revised national restoration plan resulting from the review to be carried out before July 2032 in accordance with Article 15(1) may, with regard to the period beyond June 2042, and until revised before July 2042 in accordance with Article 15(1), be limited to a strategic overview of those elements and contents. 2.Member States shall include the following elements in their national restoration plan, using the uniform format established in accordance with paragraph 4 of this Article:(a)the quantification of the areas to be restored to reach the restoration targets set out in Articles 4 to 10 based on the preparatory work undertaken in accordance with Article 11 and indicative maps of potential areas to be restored.(b)a description of the restoration measures planned, or put in place, for achieving the targets and obligations set out in Articles 4 to 10 and a specification regarding which of those restoration measures are planned, or put in place, within the Natura 2000 network established in accordance with Directive 92/43/EEC;(ba)a dedicated section setting out the measures for achieving the obligations in Articles 4(4a) and 5(4a); ▌ [Am. 41]▌ [Am. 42](e)the inventory of barriers and the barriers identified for removal in accordance with Article 7(1), the plan for their removal in accordance with Article 7(2) and ▌the length of free-flowing rivers to be achieved by the removal of those barriers estimated from 2020 to 2030 and ▌2050, and any other measures to re-establish the natural functions of floodplains in accordance with Article 7(3);(ea)a justification, where applicable, for rewetting peatland on a lower proportion than as set out in Article 9(4), first subparagraph, points (a) to (c); (eb)an account of the indicators for forest ecosystems chosen according to Article 10(2a), and their suitability to demonstrate the enhancement of biodiversity in forest ecosystems within the Member State concerned;(f)the timing for putting in place the restoration measures in accordance with Articles 4 to 10;(g)a dedicated section setting out tailored restoration measures in their outermost regions, as applicable(h)the monitoring of the areas subject to restoration in accordance with Articles 4 and 5, the process for assessing the effectiveness of the restoration measures put in place in accordance with Articles 4 to 10 and for revising those measures where needed to ensure that the targets and obligations set out in Articles 4 to 10 are met;(i)an indication of the provisions for ensuring the continuous, long-term and sustained effects of the restoration measures referred to in Articles 4 to 10;(j)the estimated co-benefits for climate change mitigation and land degradation neutrality associated with the restoration measures over time, as well as wider socio-economic benefits of those measures;(ja) the estimated socio-economic impact of the implementation of the restoration measures; [Am. 69](k)a dedicated section setting out how the national restoration plan considers:(i)the relevance of climate change scenarios for the planning of the type and location of restoration measures;(ii)the potential of restoration measures to minimise climate change impacts on nature, to prevent or mitigate the effects of natural disasters and to support adaptation;(iii)synergies with national adaptation strategies or plans and national disaster risk assessment reports;(iv)an overview of the interplay between the measures included in the national restoration plan and the national energy and climate plan;(l)the estimated financing needs for the implementation of the restoration measures, which shall include the description of the support to stakeholders affected by restoration measures or other new obligations arising from this Regulation, and the means of intended financing, public or private, including (co-) financing with Union funding instruments;(m)an indication of the subsidies which negatively affect the achievement of the targets and the fulfilment of the obligations set out in this Regulation;(n)a summary of the process for preparing and establishing the national restoration plan, including information on public participation and of how the needs of local communities and stakeholders have been considered;(o)a dedicated section indicating how observations from the Commission on the draft national restoration plan referred to in Article 14(4) have been taken into account in accordance with Article 14(5). If the Member State concerned does not address an observation from the Commission or a substantial part thereof, that Member State shall provide its reasons.3.The national restoration plans shall, where applicable, include the conservation and management measures that a Member State intends to adopt under the common fisheries policy, including conservation measures in joint recommendations that a Member State intends to initiate in accordance with the procedure set out in Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013, and any relevant information on those measures.3a.The national restoration plans shall include an overview of the interplay between the measures included in the national restoration plan and the national strategic plan under the common agricultural policy.3b.Where appropriate, the national restoration plans shall include an overview of considerations related to the diversity of situations in various regions as referred to in Article 11(9a).4.The Commission shall adopt implementing acts to establish a uniform format for the national restoration plans. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 21(2). The Commission shall be assisted by the European Environmental Agency (EEA) when drawing up the uniform format. By ...[date = the first day of the month following 3 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation], the Commission shall submit the draft implementing acts to the committee referred to in Article 21(1).

Article 13Submission of the draft national restoration planMember States shall submit a draft of the national restoration plan referred to in Articles 11 and 12 to the Commission by… [OP please insert the date = the first day of the month following 24 months after the date of entry into force of this Regulation].

Article 14Assessment of the national restoration plans1.The Commission shall assess the draft national restoration plans within six months of the date of receipt. When carrying out that assessment, the Commission shall act in close cooperation with the Member State concerned.2.When considering the national restoration plan, the Commission shall evaluate its compliance with Article 12, as well as its adequacy for meeting the targets and obligations set out in Articles 4 to 10, as well as the Union’s overarching objectives referred to in Article 1 and the specific objectives referred to in Article 7(1) to restore at least 20 000 km of rivers into free-flowing rivers in the Union by 2035. The Commission shall also consider the socio-economic impact especially on rural areas and the impact of the national restoration plan in particular on agricultural and forestry production in order to ensure that it does not result in production moving outside the Union. [Am. 43]3.For the purpose of the assessment of the draft national restoration plans, the Commission shall be assisted by experts or the EEA.4.The Commission may address observations to Member States within six months of the date of receipt of the draft national restoration plan.5.Member States shall take ▌account of any observations from the Commission in its final national restoration plan.6.Member States shall finalise, publish and submit to the Commission the national restoration plan within six months from the date of receipt of observations from the Commission.

Article 14aImplementation of measures to restore marine ecosystems1.Member States whose national restoration plans include conservation measures within the framework of the common fisheries policy that require the submission of joint recommendations shall consult the other Member States that have a direct management interest in accordance with in Articles 11 and 18 of Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013 and shall submit the recommendations jointly with the other Member States having a direct management interest: (a)no later than 12 months after final submission of their national restoration plan for measures relating to Article 5(3); (b)no later than 1 January 2028 for the restoration measures that are necessary to guarantee the targets set for 2030; (c)no later than 1 January 2036 for the restoration measures that are necessary to guarantee the targets set for 2040; (d)no later than 1 January 2046 for the restoration measures that are necessary to guarantee the targets set for 2050. 2.The Commission shall monitor progress in relation to deadlines for the measures that require the submission of joint recommendations under the common fisheries policy. 3.If Member States fail to submit the joint recommendations as set out in Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013 in due time, the Commission shall adopt the measures no later than 12 months after the deadline for the submission of the joint recommendation set by paragraph 1 of this Article, using the tools provided for in accordance with Article 11(4) of Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013 in the absence of a joint recommendation. [Am. 15]

Article 15Review of the national restoration plans1.Member States shall review and revise their national restoration plan and include supplementary measures before July 2032 and before July 2042. At least once every 10 years thereafter, Member States shall review their national restoration plan and, if necessary, revise it and include supplementary measures. The reviews shall be carried out in accordance with Articles 11 and 12, taking into account progress made in the implementation of the plans, the best available scientific evidence as well as available knowledge of changes or expected changes in environmental conditions due to climate change. In the reviews to be carried out before July 2032 and before July 2042, Member States shall take into account knowledge on the condition of habitat types listed in Annexes I and II gained in accordance with the obligations in Articles 4(4a) and 5(4a). Member States shall publish and communicate to the Commission their revised national restoration plan. 2.Where monitoring in accordance with Article 17 indicates that the measures set out in the national restoration plan will not be sufficient to comply with the targets and obligations set out in Articles 4 to 10, the Member State shall review the national restoration plan, and if necessary revise it and include supplementary measures. Member States shall publish and communicate to the Commission the revised national restoration plan.3.Based on the information referred to in Article 18(1) and (2) and the assessment referred to in Article 18(4) and (5), if the Commission considers that the progress made by a Member State is insufficient to comply with the targets and obligations set out in Articles 4 to 10, the Commission may, after consultation with the Member State concerned, request the Member State ▌to submit a revised draft national restoration plan with supplementary measures. That revised national restoration plan with supplementary measures shall be published and submitted within six months from the date of receipt of the request from the Commission. On request by the Member State concerned and where duly justified, the Commission may extend that deadline with an additional six months.▌ [Ams. 18cp and 44]

CHAPTER IVMONITORING AND REPORTING

Article 17Monitoring1.Member States shall monitor the following:(a)the condition and trend in condition of the habitat types and the quality and the trend in quality of the habitats of the species referred to in Articles 4 and 5 in the areas subject to restoration measures on the basis of the monitoring referred to in Article 12(2), point (h);(b)the area of urban green space and tree canopy cover within urban ecosystem areas determined in accordance with 11(2b), as referred to in Article 6;(c)the indicators of biodiversity in agricultural ecosystems listed in Annex IV;(d)the populations of the common farmland bird species listed in Annex V;(e)the three indicators of biodiversity in forest ecosystems listed in Article 10(2);(ea)three of the indicators of biodiversity in forest ecosystems listed in Article 10(2a), chosen by the Member State;(f)the abundance and diversity of pollinator species, according to the method established in accordance with Article 8(2);(g)the area and condition of the areas covered by the habitat types listed in Annexes I and II ▌;(h)the area and the quality of the habitat of the species referred to in Article 4(3), and Article 5(3) ▌.2.The monitoring in accordance with paragraph 1, point (a), shall start as soon as the restoration measures are put in place.3.The monitoring in accordance with paragraph 1, points (b), (c), (d), (e) and (ea) shall start on [OP please insert the date of entry into force of this Regulation].4.The monitoring in accordance with paragraph 1, point (f), of this Article shall start one year after the entry into force of the implementing act referred to in Article 8(2).5.The monitoring in accordance with paragraph 1, points (a) and, (b) shall be carried out at least every six years. The monitoring in accordance with paragraph 1, point (c), ▌concerning the stock of organic carbon in cropland mineral soils and the share of agricultural land with high-diversity landscape features, and (e) concerning the standing deadwood and the lying deadwood, and, where applicable, the share of forests with uneven-aged structure, the forest connectivity, the share of forest dominated by native tree species, the tree species diversity and the stock of organic carbon, shall be carried out at least every six years, or, where necessary to evaluate the achievement of increasing trends to 2030, with a shorter interval. The monitoring in accordance with that paragraph, point (c) concerning the grassland butterfly index, that paragraph, points (d) and (e) concerning the common forest bird index, and that paragraph, point (f) concerning pollinator species shall be carried out every year. The monitoring in accordance with that paragraph, points (g) and (h), shall be carried out at least every six years and shall be coordinated with the reporting cycle under Article 17 of Directive 92/43/EEC and the initial assessment under Article 17 of Directive 2008/56/EC.6.Member States shall ensure that the indicators for agricultural ecosystems referred to in Article 9(2), point (b), and the indicators for forest ecosystems referred to in Articles 10 (2), points (a), (b), and 10(2a), point (c), of this Regulation, are monitored in a manner consistent with the monitoring required under Regulations (EU) 2018/841 and (EU) 2018/1999.7.Member States shall make public the data generated by the monitoring carried out under this Article, in accordance with Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and in accordance with the monitoring frequencies set out in paragraph 5.8.Member State monitoring systems shall operate on the basis of electronic databases and geographic information systems, and shall maximise the access and use of data and services from remote sensing technologies, earth observation (Copernicus services), in-situ sensors and devices, or citizen science data, leveraging the opportunities offered by artificial intelligence, advanced data analysis and processing.9.The Commission may adopt implementing acts to:(a)specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for agricultural ecosystems listed in Annex IV;(b)specify the methods for monitoring the indicators for forest ecosystems listed in Annex VI;(c)establish a guiding framework for setting the satisfactory levels referred to in Articles 10(2) and 10(2a).9a.By 2028, the Commission shall adopt implementing acts to establish a guiding framework for setting the satisfactory levels referred to in Articles 6(2), 6(3), 8(1) and 9(2).9b. ▌Implementing acts pursuant to paragraphs 9 and 9a shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 21(2).

Article 18Reporting1.Member States shall electronically report to the Commission the area subject to restoration measures referred to in Articles 4 to 10 and the barriers referred to in Article 7 that have been removed, at least every three years. The first report shall be submitted in June 2028.2.Member States shall electronically report the following data and information to the Commission, assisted by the EEA, at least every six years:(a)the progress in implementing the national restoration plan, in putting in place the restoration measures and progress in achieving the targets and obligations set out in Articles 4 to 10;(b)the results of the monitoring carried out in accordance with Article 17. The reporting of the results of the monitoring carried out in accordance with Article 17(1)(g) and (h) shall be submitted, and include geographically referenced maps;(c)the location and extent of the areas subject to restoration measures referred to in Article 4, Article 5, and Article 9(4), including a geographically referenced map of those areas;(d)the updated inventory of barriers referred to in Article 7(1);(e)information on the progress accomplished towards meeting financing needs, in accordance with Article 12(2)(l), including a review of actual investment against initial investment assumptions.The first reports shall be submitted in June 2031, covering the period up to 2030.3.The Commission shall adopt implementing acts to establish the format, structure and detailed arrangements for the presentation of the information referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 21(2). The Commission shall be assisted by the EEA when drawing up the format, structure and detailed arrangements for the electronic reporting.4.The EEA shall every three years provide to the Commission ▌technical overview of the progress towards the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this Regulation, on the basis of the data made available by Member States in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article and Article 17(7).5.The EEA shall provide to the Commission a Union-wide technical report on the progress towards the achievement of the targets and obligations set out in this Regulation on the basis of the data made available by Member States in accordance with paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article. It may also use information reported under Article 17 of Directive 92/43/EEC, Article 15 of Directive 2000/60/EC, Article 12 of Directive 2009/147/EC, and Article 17 of Directive 2008/56/EC. The report shall be provided by June 2032 and subsequent reports shall be provided every six years thereafter.6.The Commission shall, as from [four years after the date of entry into force of this Regulation], report to the European Parliament and to the Council every six years on the implementation of this Regulation.6a.Within 12 months of the date of entry into force of this Regulation, the Commission shall, in consultation with Member States, submit a report to the European Parliament and the Council containing:(a)an overview of financial resources available at Union level for the purpose of implementing this Regulation;(b)an assessment of the funding needs to implement Articles 4 to 10 and to achieve the objective set forth in Article 1(2);(c)an analysis to identify any funding gaps in the implementation of the obligations set out in the Regulation, including for the financial compensation of potential losses by landowners and land managers directly due to the implementation of this Regulation;(d)where appropriate, proposals for adequate additional measures, including financial measures to address the gaps identified, such as the establishment of a dedicated instrument and without prejudging the prerogatives of co-legislators for the adoption of the multiannual financial framework post 2027. [Am. 11]7.Member States shall ensure that the information referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 is adequate and up-to-date and that it is available to the public in accordance with Directives 2003/4/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directive 2007/2/EC and (EU) 2019/1024 of the Parliament and of the Council.

CHAPTER VDELEGATED POWERS AND COMMITTEE PROCEDURE

Article 19Amendment of Annexes1.The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 20 to amend Annex I in order to adapt the way the ▌habitat types are grouped to technical and scientific progress and to take into account the experience gained from the application of this Regulation.2.The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 20 to amend Annex II in order to adapt:(a) the list of habitat types to ensure consistency with updates to the European nature information system (EUNIS) habitat classification, and;(b)the way the ▌habitat types are grouped to technical and scientific progress and to take into account the experience gained from the application of this Regulation.3.The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 20 to amend Annex III in order to adapt the list of marine species referred to in Article 5 to technical and scientific progress.4.The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 20 to amend Annex IV, in order to adapt the description, unit and methodology of indicators for agricultural ecosystems to technical and scientific progress.5.The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 20 to amend Annex V in order to adapt the list of species used for the common farmland bird index in the Member States to technical and scientific progress.6.The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 20 to amend Annex VI in order to adapt the description, unit and methodology of indicators for forest ecosystems to technical and scientific progress.7.The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 20 to amend Annex VII in order to adapt the list of examples of restoration measures to technical and scientific progress and to take into account the experience gained from the application of this Regulation.

Article 20Exercise of the delegation1.The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.2.The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 19 shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of 5 years from [OP please insert the date of entry into force of this Regulation]. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.3.The delegation of power referred to in Article 19 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.4.Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making.5.As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.6.A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 19 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of 2 months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and to the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

Article 21Committee procedure1.The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.2.Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

CHAPTER VIFINAL PROVISIONS

Article 21aAmendment to Regulation (EU) 2022/869Article 7(8), first subparagraph, of Regulation (EU) 2022/869 is replaced by the following:

“With regard to the environmental impacts addressed in Article 6(4) of Directive 92/43/EEC, Article 4(7) of Directive 2000/60/EC and Articles 4(8) and (8a) and Article 5(8) and (8a) of [the proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on nature restoration], provided that all the conditions set out in those Directives are fulfilled, projects on the Union list shall be considered as being of public interest from an energy policy perspective, and may be considered as having an overriding public interest.”

Article 22Review1.The Commission shall evaluate ▌ this Regulation by 31 December 2030 and every two years thereafter to assess the impact of this Regulation, in particular on the agricultural sector and the supply of safe and secure food, as well as the socio-economic impacts of this Regulation, especially in rural areas. [Am. 45]2.The Commission shall present a report on the main findings of the evaluation to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of Regions. Where the Commission finds it appropriate, the report shall be accompanied by a legislative proposal for amendment of relevant provisions of this Regulation, taking into account the need to establish additional restoration targets, including on updated targets for 2040 and 2050 based on common methods for assessing the condition of ecosystems not covered by Articles 4 and 5, the evaluation as referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, and the most recent scientific evidence. [Am. 17]

Article 22aPostponement of targets under this Regulation in the event of exceptional socioeconomic consequences1.By … [1 year after the date of entry into force of this Regulation] and every year thereafter, the Commission shall publish a notice in the Official Journal of the European Union concerning whether one or more of the following conditions apply:(a)the permitting procedures in one or more Member States fall behind due to constraints from Union nature legislation regarding the following fields:(i)building and transforming of houses, in particular the social housing sector;(ii)rollout of renewable energy projects in relation to achieving the objectives laid down in Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 [European Climate Law];(b)the average food price has gone up by 10% over the period of 1 year;(c)the total production of food in the Union has reduced by 5% over a period of 1 year.2.Where one or more of the conditions referred to in paragraph 1 apply, the targets under this Regulation shall be postponed until all the conditions referred to in that paragraph no longer apply. [Am. 131]

Article 23Entry into forceThis Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.It shall apply from the date where the Commission has provided robust and scientific data to the European Parliament and to the Council on the necessary conditions to guarantee long term food security, thereby respecting the need of arable land under conventional and ecological agriculture, the impact of nature restoration on food production, food availability and food prices. The Commission shall publish a notice in the Official Journal of the European Union indicating the date from which this Regulation applies. [Am. 135]It shall apply from the date where the condition set out in Article 11(2a) is met. The Commission shall publish a notice in the Official Journal of the European Union indicating the date from which this Regulation applies. [Am. 136]This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

Done at Brussels,

For the European Parliament For the Council

The President The President

ANNEX I

TERRESTRIAL, COASTAL AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS – HABITAT TYPES AND GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 4(1) AND 4(2)

The list below includes all terrestrial, coastal and freshwater habitat types listed in Annex I of Directive 92/43/EEC referred to in Article 4(1) and 4(2), as well as six groups of those habitat types, namely 1) Wetlands (coastal and inland), 2) Grasslands and other pastoral habitats, 3) River, lake, alluvial and riparian habitats, 4) Forests, 5) Steppe, heath and scrub habitats and 6) Rocky and dune habitats.

1.GROUP 1: Wetlands (coastal & inland)

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Coastal and salt habitats
1130
Estuaries
1140
Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide
1150
Coastal lagoons
1310
Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand
1320
Spartina swards (Spartinion maritimae)
1330
Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae)
1340
Inland salt meadows
1410
Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi)
1420
Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea fruticosi)
1530
Pannonic salt steppes and salt marshes
1650
Boreal Baltic narrow inlets
Wet heaths and peat grassland
4010
Northern Atlantic wet heaths with Erica tetralix
4020
Temperate Atlantic wet heaths with Erica ciliaris and Erica tetralix
6460
Peat grasslands of Troodos
Mires, bogs and fens
7110
Active raised bogs
7120
Degraded raised bogs still capable of natural regeneration
7130
Blanket bogs
7140
Transition mires and quaking bogs
7150
Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion
7160
Fennoscandian mineral-rich springs and springfens
7210
Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion davallianae
7220
Petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion)
7230
Alkaline fens
7240
Alpine pioneer formations of the Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae
7310
Aapa mires
7320
Palsa mires
Wet forests
9080
Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods
91D0
Bog woodland

2.GROUP 2: Grasslands and other pastoral habitats

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Costal and dune habitats
1630
Boreal Baltic coastal meadows
21A0
Machairs
Heath and scrub habitats
4030
European dry heaths
4040
Dry Atlantic coastal heaths with Erica vagans
4090
Endemic oro-Mediterranean heaths with gorse
5130
Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands
8240
Limestone pavements
Grasslands
6110
Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi
6120
Xeric sand calcareous grasslands
6130
Calaminarian grasslands of the Violetalia calaminariae
6140
Siliceous Pyrenean Festuca eskia grasslands
6150
Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands
6160
Oro-Iberian Festuca indigesta grasslands
6170
Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands
6180
Macaronesian mesophile grasslands
6190
Rupicolous pannonic grasslands (Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis)
6210
Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)
6220
Pseudo-steppe with grasses and annuals of the Thero-Brachypodietea
6230
Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on silicious substrates in mountain areas (and submountain areas in Continental Europe)
6240
Sub-Pannonic steppic grasslands
6250
Pannonic loess steppic grasslands
6260
Pannonic sand steppes
6270
Fennoscandian lowland species-rich dry to mesic grasslands
6280
Nordic alvar and precambrian calcareous flatrocks
62A0
Eastern sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae)
62B0
Serpentinophilous grassland of Cyprus
62C0
Ponto-Sarmatic steppes
62D0
Oro-Moesian acidophilous grasslands
6410
Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion caeruleae)
6420
Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion
6510
Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)
6520
Mountain hay meadows
Dehesas and wooded meadows
6310
Dehesas with evergreen Quercus spp.
6530
Fennoscandian wooded meadows
9070
Fennoscandian wooded pastures

3.GROUP 3: River, lake, alluvial and riparian habitats

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Rivers and lakes
3110
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals of sandy plains (Littorelletalia uniflorae)
3120
Oligotrophic waters containing very few minerals generally on sandy soils of the West Mediterranean, with Isoetes spp.
3130
Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and/or of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea
3140
Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp.
3150
Natural eutrophic lakes with Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition — type vegetation
3160
Natural dystrophic lakes and ponds
3170
Mediterranean temporary ponds
3180
Turloughs
3190
Lakes of gypsum karst
31A0
Transylvanian hot-spring lotus beds
3210
Fennoscandian natural rivers
3220
Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks
3230
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica
3240
Alpine rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos
3250
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Glaucium flavum
3260
Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation
3270
Rivers with muddy banks with Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p. vegetation
3280
Constantly flowing Mediterranean rivers with Paspalo-Agrostidion species and hanging curtains of Salix and Populus alba
3290
Intermittently flowing Mediterranean rivers of the Paspalo-Agrostidion
32A0
Tufa cascades of karstic rivers of the Dinaric Alps
Alluvial meadows
6430
Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to alpine levels
6440
Alluvial meadows of river valleys of the Cnidion dubii
6450
Northern boreal alluvial meadows
6540
Sub-Mediterranean grasslands of the Molinio-Hordeion secalini
Alluvial/Riparian forests
9160
Sub-Atlantic and medio-European oak or oak-hornbeam forests of the Carpinion betuli
91E0
Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)
91F0
Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)
92A0
Salix alba and Populus alba galleries
92B0
Riparian formations on intermittent Mediterranean water courses with Rhododendron ponticum, Salix and others
92C0
Platanus orientalis and Liquidambar orientalis woods (Platanion orientalis)
92D0
Southern riparian galleries and thickets (Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae)
9370
Palm groves of Phoenix

4.GROUP 4: Forests

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Boreal forests
9010
Western Taïga
9020
Fennoscandian hemiboreal natural old broad-leaved deciduous forests (Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Fraxinus or Ulmus) rich in epiphytes
9030
Natural forests of primary succession stages of landupheaval coast
9040
Nordic subalpine/subarctic forests with Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii
9050
Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies
9060
Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers
Temperate forests
9110
Luzulo-Fagetum beech forests
9120
Atlantic acidophilous beech forests with Ilex and sometimes also Taxus in the shrublayer (Quercion robori-petraeae or Ilici-Fagenion)
9130
Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests
9140
Medio-European subalpine beech woods with Acer and Rumex arifolius
9150
Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion
9170
Galio-Carpinetum oak-hornbeam forests
9180
Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines
9190
Old acidophilous oak woods with Quercus robur on sandy plains
91A0
Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles
91B0
Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia woods
91G0
Pannonic woods with Quercus petraea and Carpinus betulus
91H0
Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens
91I0
Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.
91J0
Taxus baccata woods of the British Isles
91K0
Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion)
91L0
Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-Carpinion)
91M0
Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak –sessile oak forests
91P0
Holy Cross fir forest (Abietetum polonicum)
91Q0
Western Carpathian calcicolous Pinus sylvestris forests
91R0
Dinaric dolomite Scots pine forests (Genisto januensis-Pinetum)
91S0
Western Pontic beech forests
91T0
Central European lichen Scots pine forests
91U0
Sarmatic steppe pine forest
91V0
Dacian Beech forests (Symphyto-Fagion)
91W0
Moesian beech forests
91X0
Dobrogean beech forests
91Y0
Dacian oak & hornbeam forests
91Z0
Moesian silver lime woods
91AA
Eastern white oak woods
91BA
Moesian silver fir forests
91CA
Rhodopide and Balkan Range Scots pine forests
Mediterranean and Macaronesian forests
9210
Apeninne beech forests with Taxus and Ilex
9220
Apennine beech forests with Abies alba and beech forests with Abies nebrodensis
9230
Galicio-Portuguese oak woods with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica
9240
Quercus faginea and Quercus canariensis Iberian woods
9250
Quercus trojana woods
9260
Castanea sativa woods
9270
Hellenic beech forests with Abies borisii-regis
9280
Quercus frainetto woods
9290
Cupressus forests (Acero-Cupression)
9310
Aegean Quercus brachyphylla woods
9320
Olea and Ceratonia forests
9330
Quercus suber forests
9340
Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests
9350
Quercus macrolepis forests
9360
Macaronesian laurel forests (Laurus, Ocotea)
9380
Forests of Ilex aquifolium
9390
Scrub and low forest vegetation with Quercus alnifolia
93A0
Woodlands with Quercus infectoria (Anagyro foetidae-Quercetum infectoriae)
Mountainous coniferous forests
9410
Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio-Piceetea)
9420
Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests
9430
Subalpine and montane Pinus uncinata forests
9510
Southern Apennine Abies alba forests
9520
Abies pinsapo forests
9530
(Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines
9540
Mediterranean pine forests with endemic Mesogean pines
9550
Canarian endemic pine forests
9560
Endemic forests with Juniperus spp.
9570
Tetraclinis articulata forests
9580
Mediterranean Taxus baccata woods
9590
Cedrus brevifolia forests (Cedrosetum brevifoliae)
95A0
High oro-Mediterranean pine forests

5.GROUP 5: Steppe, heath and scrub habitats

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Salt and gypsum steppes
1430
Halo-nitrophilous scrubs (Pegano-Salsoletea)
1510
Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia)
1520
Iberian gypsum vegetation (Gypsophiletalia)
Temperate heath and scrub
4050
Endemic macaronesian heaths
4060
Alpine and Boreal heaths
4070
Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo-Rhododendretum hirsuti)
4080
Sub-Arctic Salix spp. scrub
40A0
Subcontinental peri-Pannonic scrub
40B0
Rhodope Potentilla fruticosa thickets
40C0
Ponto-Sarmatic deciduous thickets
Sclerophyllous scrub (matorral)
5110
Stable xerothermophilous formations with Buxus sempervirens on rock slopes (Berberidion p.p.)
5120
Mountain Cytisus purgans formations
5140
Cistus palhinhae formations on maritime wet heaths
5210
Arborescent matorral with Juniperus spp.
5220
Arborescent matorral with Zyziphus
5230
Arborescent matorral with Laurus nobilis
5310
Laurus nobilis thickets
5320
Low formations of Euphorbia close to cliffs
5330
Thermo-Mediterranean and pre-desert scrub
5410
West Mediterranean clifftop phryganas (Astragalo-Plantaginetum subulatae)
5420
Sarcopoterium spinosum phryganas
5430
Endemic phryganas of the Euphorbio-Verbascion

6.GROUP 6: Rocky and dune habitats

Habitat type code as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Habitat type name as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Sea cliffs, beaches, and islets
1210
Annual vegetation of drift lines
1220
Perennial vegetation of stony banks
1230
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic Coasts
1240
Vegetated sea cliffs of the Mediterranean coasts with endemic Limonium spp.
1250
Vegetated sea cliffs with endemic flora of the Macaronesian coasts
1610
Baltic esker islands with sandy, rocky and shingle beach vegetation and sublittoral vegetation
1620
Boreal Baltic islets and small islands
1640
Boreal Baltic sandy beaches with perennial vegetation
Coastal and inland dunes
2110
Embryonic shifting dunes
2120
Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (‘white dunes’)
2130
Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (“grey dunes’)
2140
Decalcified fixed dunes with Empetrum nigrum
2150
Atlantic decalcified fixed dunes (Calluno-Ulicetea)
2160
Dunes with Hippophaë rhamnoides
2170
Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)
2180
Wooded dunes of the Atlantic, Continental and Boreal region
2190
Humid dune slacks
2210
Crucianellion maritimae fixed beach dunes
2220
Dunes with Euphorbia terracina
2230
Malcolmietalia dune grasslands
2240
Brachypodietalia dune grasslands with annuals
2250
Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.
2260
Cisto-Lavenduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs
2270
Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster
2310
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Genista
2320
Dry sand heaths with Calluna and Empetrum nigrum
2330
Inland dunes with open Corynephorus and Agrostis grasslands
2340
Pannonic inland dunes
91N0
Pannonic inland sand dune thicket (Junipero-Populetum albae)
Rocky habitats
8110
Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae and Galeopsietalia ladani)
8120
Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea rotundifolii)
8130
Western Mediterranean and thermophilous scree
8140
Eastern Mediterranean screes
8150
Medio-European upland siliceous screes
8160
Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels
8210
Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8220
Siliceous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation
8230
Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-Veronicion dillenii
8310
Caves not open to the public
8320
Fields of lava and natural excavations
8340
Permanent glaciers

ANNEX IIMARINE ECOSYSTEMS – HABITAT TYPES AND GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(1) AND 5(2)

The list below includes the marine habitat types referred to in Article 5(1) and 5(2), as well as seven groups of those habitat types, namely 1) Seagrass beds, 2) Macroalgal forests, 3) Shellfish beds, 4) Maerl beds, 5) Sponge, coral and coralligenous beds, 6) Vents and seeps and 7) Soft sediments (above 1000 meters of depth). The relation with the habitat types listed in Annex I of Directive 92/43/EEC is also presented.

The classification of marine habitat types used, differentiated by marine biogeographical regions, is made according to the European nature information system (EUNIS), as revised for the marine habitats typology in 2022 by the European Environment Agency (EEA). The information on the related habitats listed in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC is based on the crosswalk published by the EEA in 2021EUNIS marine habitat classification 2022. European Environment Agency..

1.Group 1: Seagrass beds

EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related habitat type code as referred to in Annex I of Council Directive 92/43/EEC
Atlantic
MA522
Seagrass beds on Atlantic littoral sand
1140; 1160
MA623
Seagrass beds on Atlantic littoral mud
1140; 1160
MB522
Seagrass beds on Atlantic infralittoral sand
1110; 1150; 1160
Baltic Sea

MA332
Baltic hydrolittoral coarse sediment characterised by submerged vegetation
1130; 1160; 1610; 1620
MA432
Baltic hydrolittoral mixed sediment characterised by submerged vegetation
1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA532
Baltic hydrolittoral sand characterised by submerged rooted plants
1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA632
Baltic hydrolittoral mud dominated by submerged rooted plants
1130; 1140; 1160; 1650
MB332
Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants
1110; 1160
MB432
Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants
1110; 1160; 1650
MB532
Baltic infralittoral sand characterised by submerged rooted plants
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB632
Baltic infralittoral mud sediment characterised by submerged rooted plants
1130; 1150; 1160; 1650
Black Sea

MB546
Seagrass and rhizomatous algal meadows in Black Sea freshwater influenced infralittoral muddy sands
1110; 1130; 1160
MB547
Black Sea seagrass meadows on moderately exposed upper infralittoral clean sands
1110; 1160
MB548
Black Sea seagrass meadows on lower infralittoral sands
1110; 1160
Mediterranean Sea

MB252
Biocenosis of Posidonia oceanica
1120
MB2521
Ecomorphosis of striped Posidonia oceanica meadows
1120; 1130; 1160
MB2522
Ecomorphosis of "barrier-reef" Posidonia oceanica meadows
1120; 1130; 1160
MB2523
Facies of dead "mattes" of Posidonia oceanica without much epiflora
1120; 1130; 1160
MB2524
Association with Caulerpa prolifera on Posidonia beds
1120; 1130; 1160
MB5521
Association with Cymodocea nodosa on well sorted fine sands
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5534
Association with Cymodocea nodosa on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5535
Association with Zostera noltei on superficial muddy sands in sheltered waters
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5541
Association with Ruppia cirrhosa and/or Ruppia maritima on sand
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5544
Association with Zostera noltei in euryhaline and eurythermal environment on sand
1110; 1130; 1160
MB5545
Association with Zostera marina in euryhaline and eurythermal environment
1110; 1130; 1160

2.Group 2: Macroalgal forests

EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related Annex I (Habitats Directive) codes
Atlantic
MA123
Seaweed communities on full salinity Atlantic littoral rock
1160; 1170; 1130
MA125
Fucoids on variable salinity Atlantic littoral rock
1170; 1130
MB121
Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral rock
1170; 1160
MB123
Kelp and seaweed communities on sediment-affected or disturbed Atlantic infralittoral rock
1170; 1160
MB124
Kelp communities on variable salinity Atlantic infralittoral rock
1170; 1130; 1160
MB321
Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment
1160
MB521
Kelp and seaweed communities on Atlantic infralittoral sand
1160
MB621
Vegetated communities on Atlantic infralittoral mud
1160
Baltic Sea

MA131
Baltic hydrolittoral rock and boulders characterised by perennial algae
1160; 1170; 1130; 1610; 1620
MB131
Perennial algae on Baltic infralittoral rock and boulders
1170; 1160
MB232
Baltic infralittoral bottoms characterised by shell gravel
1160; 1110
MB333
Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment characterised by perennial algae
1110; 1160
MB433
Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterised by perennial algae
1110; 1130; 1160; 1170
Black Sea

MB144
Mytilid-dominated Black Sea exposed upper infralittoral rock with fucales
1170; 1160
MB149
Mytilid-dominated Black Sea moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock with fucales
1170; 1160
MB14A
Fucales and other algae on Black Sea sheltered upper infralittoral rock, well illuminated
1170; 1160
Mediterranean Sea

MA1548
Association with Fucus virsoides
1160; 1170
MB1512
Association with Cystoseira tamariscifolia and Saccorhiza polyschides
1170; 1160
MB1513
Association with Cystoseira amentacea (var. amentacea, var. stricta, var. spicata)
1170; 1160
MB151F
Association with Cystoseira brachycarpa
1170; 1160
MB151G
Association with Cystoseira crinita
1170; 1160
MB151H
Association with Cystoseira crinitophylla
1170; 1160
MB151J
Association with Cystoseira sauvageauana
1170; 1160
MB151K
Association with Cystoseira spinosa
1170; 1160
MB151L
Association with Sargassum vulgare
1170; 1160
MB151M
Association with Dictyopteris polypodioides
1170; 1160
MB151W
Association with Cystoseira compressa
1170; 1160
MB1524
Association with Cystoseira barbata
1170; 1160
MC1511
Association with Cystoseira zosteroides
1170; 1160
MC1512
Association with Cystoseira usneoides
1170; 1160
MC1513
Association with Cystoseira dubia
1170; 1160
MC1514
Association with Cystoseira corniculata
1170; 1160
MC1515
Association with Sargassum spp.
1170; 1160
MC1518
Association with Laminaria ochroleuca
1170; 1160
MC3517
Association with Laminaria rodriguezii on detritic beds
1160

3.Group 3: Shellfish beds

EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related Annex I (Habitats Directive) codes
Atlantic
MA122
Mytilus edulis and/or barnacle communities on wave-exposed Atlantic littoral rock
1160; 1170
MA124
Mussel and/or barnacle communities with seaweeds on Atlantic littoral rock
1160; 1170
MA227
Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic littoral zone
1170; 1140
MB222
Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic infralittoral zone
1170; 1130; 1160
MC223
Bivalve reefs in the Atlantic circalittoral zone
1170
Baltic Sea

MB231
Baltic infralittoral bottoms dominated by epibenthic bivalves
1170; 1160
MC231
Baltic circalittoral bottoms dominated by epibenthic bivalves
1170; 1160; 1110
MD231
Baltic offshore circalittoral biogenic bottoms characterised by epibenthic bivalves
1170
MD232
Baltic offshore circalittoral shell gravel bottoms characterised by bivalves
1170
MD431
Baltic offshore circalittoral mixed bottoms characterised by macroscopic epibenthic biotic structures

MD531
Baltic offshore circalittoral sand characterised by macroscopic epibenthic biotic structures

MD631
Baltic offshore circalittoral mud characterised by epibenthic bivalves

Black Sea

MB141
Invertebrate-dominated Black Sea lower infralittoral rock
1170
MB143
Mytilid-dominated Black Sea exposed upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (no Fucales)
1170; 1160
MB148
Mytilid-dominated Black Sea moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock with foliose algae (other than Fucales)
1170; 1160
MB242
Mussel beds in the Black Sea infralittoral zone
1170; 1130; 1160
MB243
Oyster reefs on Black Sea lower infralittoral rock
1170
MB642
Black Sea infralittoral terrigenous muds
1160
MC141
Invertebrate-dominated Black Sea circalittoral rock
1170
MC241
Mussel beds on Black Sea circalittoral terrigenous muds
1170
MC645
Black Sea lower circalittoral mud

Mediterranean Sea

MA1544
Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis in waters enriched in organic matter
1160; 1170
MB1514
Facies with Mytilus galloprovincialis
1170; 1160

Mediterranean infralittoral oyster beds

Mediterranean circalittoral oyster beds

4.Group 4: Maerl beds

EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related Annex I (Habitats Directive) codes
Atlantic
MB322
Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MB421
Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1160
MB622
Maerl beds on Atlantic infralittoral muddy sediment
1110; 1160
Mediterranean Sea

MB3511
Association with rhodolithes in coarse sands and fine gravels mixed by waves
1110; 1160
MB3521
Association with rhodolithes in coarse sands and fine gravels under the influence of bottom currents
1110; 1160
MB3522
Association with maerl (= Association with Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatolithon calcareum) on Mediterranean coarse sands and gravel
1110; 1160
MC3521
Association with rhodolithes on coastal detritic bottoms
1110
MC3523
Association with maerl (Lithothamnion corallioides and Phymatholithon calcareum) on coastal dendritic bottoms
1110

5.Group 5: Sponge, coral and coralligenous beds

EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related Annex I (Habitats Directive) codes
Atlantic
MC121
Faunal turf communities on Atlantic circalittoral rock
1170
MC124
Faunal communities on variable salinity Atlantic circalittoral rock
1170; 1130
MC126
Communities of Atlantic circalittoral caves and overhangs
8330; 1170
MC222
Cold water coral reefs in the Atlantic circalittoral zone
1170
MD121
Sponge communities on Atlantic offshore circalittoral rock
1170
MD221
Cold water coral reefs in the Atlantic offshore circalittoral zone
1170
ME122
Sponge communities on Atlantic upper bathyal rock
1170
ME123
Mixed cold water coral communities on Atlantic upper bathyal rock
1170
ME221
Atlantic upper bathyal cold water coral reef
1170
ME322
Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment

ME324
Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment

ME422
Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment

ME623
Sponge aggregation on Atlantic upper bathyal mud

ME624
Erect coral field on Atlantic upper bathyal mud

MF121
Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal rock
1170
MF221
Atlantic lower bathyal cold water coral reef
1170
MF321
Mixed cold water coral community on Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment

MF622
Sponge aggregation on Atlantic lower bathyal mud

MF623
Erect coral field on Atlantic lower bathyal mud

Baltic Sea

MB138
Baltic infralittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic sponges
1170; 1160
MB43A
Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic sponges (Porifera)
1160; 1170
MC133
Baltic circalittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic cnidarians
1170; 1160
MC136
Baltic circalittoral rock and boulders characterized by epibenthic sponges
1170; 1160
MC433
Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic cnidarians
1160; 1170
MC436
Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment characterized by epibenthic sponges
1160
Black Sea

MD24
Black Sea offshore circalittoral biogenic habitats
1170
ME14
Black Sea upper bathyal rock
1170
ME24
Black Sea upper bathyal biogenic habitat
1170
MF14
Black Sea lower bathyal rock
1170
Mediterranean Sea

MB151E
Facies with Cladocora caespitosa
1170; 1160
MB151Q
Facies with Astroides calycularis
1170; 1160
MB151α
Facies and association of coralligenous biocenosis (in enclave)
1170; 1160
MC1519
Facies with Eunicella cavolini
1170; 1160
MC151A
Facies with Eunicella singularis
1170; 1160
MC151B
Facies with Paramuricea clavata
1170; 1160
MC151E
Facies with Leptogorgia sarmentosa
1170; 1160
MC151F
Facies with Anthipatella subpinnata and sparse red algae
1170; 1160
MC151G
Facies with massive sponges and sparse red algae
1170; 1160
MC1522
Facies with Corallium rubrum
8330; 1170
MC1523
Facies with Leptopsammia pruvoti
8330; 1170
MC251
Coralligenous platforms
1170
MC6514
Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Parastichopus regalis on circalittoral mud
1160
MD151
Biocenosis of Mediterranean shelf-edge rock
1170
MD25
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral biogenic habitats
1170
MD6512
Facies of sticky muds with Alcyonium palmatum and Parastichopus regalis on lower circalittoral mud

ME1511
Mediterranean upper bathyal Lophelia pertusa reefs
1170
ME1512
Mediterranean upper bathyal Madrepora oculata reefs
1170
ME1513
Mediterranean upper bathyal Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa reefs
1170
ME6514
Mediterranean upper bathyal facies of with Pheronema carpenteri

MF1511
Mediterranean lower bathyal Lophelia pertusa reefs
1170
MF1512
Mediterranean lower bathyal Madrepora oculata reefs
1170
MF1513
Mediterranean lower bathyal Madrepora oculata and Lophelia pertusa reefs
1170
MF6511
Mediterranean lower bathyal facies of sandy muds with Thenea muricata

MF6513
Mediterranean lower bathyal facies of compact muds with Isidella elongata

6.Group 6: Vents and seeps

EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related Annex I (Habitats Directive) codes
Atlantic
MB128
Vents and seeps in Atlantic infralittoral rock
1170; 1160; 1180
MB627
Vents and seeps in Atlantic infralittoral mud
1130; 1160
MC127
Vents and seeps in Atlantic circalittoral rock
1170; 1180
MC622
Vents and seeps in Atlantic circalittoral mud
1160
MD122
Vents and seeps on Atlantic offshore circalittoral rock
1170
MD622
Vents and seeps in Atlantic offshore circalittoral mud

7.Group 7: Soft sediments (above 1000 meters of depth)

EUNIS code
EUNIS habitat type name
Related Annex I (Habitats Directive) codes
Atlantic
MA32
Atlantic littoral coarse sediment
1130; 1160
MA42
Atlantic littoral mixed sediment
1130; 1140; 1160
MA52
Atlantic littoral sand
1130; 1140; 1160
MA62
Atlantic littoral mud
1130; 1140; 1160
MB32
Atlantic infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1130; 1160
MB42
Atlantic infralittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB52
Atlantic infralittoral sand
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB62
Atlantic infralittoral mud
1110; 1130; 1160
MC32
Atlantic circalittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MC42
Atlantic circalittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1160
MC52
Atlantic circalittoral sand
1110; 1160
MC62
Atlantic circalittoral mud
1160
MD32
Atlantic offshore circalittoral coarse sediment

MD42
Atlantic offshore circalittoral mixed sediment

MD52
Atlantic offshore circalittoral sand

MD62
Atlantic offshore circalittoral mud

ME32
Atlantic upper bathyal coarse sediment

ME42
Atlantic upper bathyal mixed sediment

ME52
Atlantic upper bathyal sand

ME62
Atlantic upper bathyal mud

MF32
Atlantic lower bathyal coarse sediment

MF42
Atlantic lower bathyal mixed sediment

MF52
Atlantic lower bathyal sand

MF62
Atlantic lower bathyal mud

Baltic Sea

MA33
Baltic hydrolittoral coarse sediment
1130; 1160; 1610; 1620
MA43
Baltic hydrolittoral mixed sediment
1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA53
Baltic hydrolittoral sand
1130; 1140; 1160; 1610
MA63
Baltic hydrolittoral mud
1130; 1140; 1160; 1650
MB33
Baltic infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1150; 1160
MB43
Baltic infralittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160; 1170; 1650
MB53
Baltic infralittoral sand
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB63
Baltic infralittoral mud
1130; 1150; 1160; 1650
MC33
Baltic circalittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MC43
Baltic circalittoral mixed sediment
1160; 1170
MC53
Baltic circalittoral sand
1110; 1160
MC63
Baltic circalittoral mud
1160; 1650
MD33
Baltic offshore circalittoral coarse sediment

MD43
Baltic offshore circalittoral mixed sediment

MD53
Baltic offshore circalittoral sand

MD63
Baltic offshore circalittoral mud

Black Sea

MA34
Black Sea littoral coarse sediment
1160
MA44
Black Sea littoral mixed sediment
1130; 1140; 1160
MA54
Black Sea littoral sand
1130; 1140; 1160
MA64
Black Sea littoral mud
1130; 1140; 1160
MB34
Black Sea infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MB44
Black Sea infralittoral mixed sediment
1110; 1170
MB54
Black Sea infralittoral sand
1110; 1130; 1160
MB64
Black Sea infralittoral mud
1130; 1160
MC34
Black Sea circalittoral coarse sediment
1160
MC44
Black Sea circalittoral mixed sediment

MC54
Black Sea circalittoral sand
1160
MC64
Black Sea circalittoral mud
1130; 1160
MD34
Black Sea offshore circalittoral coarse sediment

MD44
Black Sea offshore circalittoral mixed sediment

MD54
Black Sea offshore circalittoral sand

MD64
Black Sea offshore circalittoral mud

Mediterranean Sea

MA35
Mediterranean littoral coarse sediment
1160; 1130
MA45
Mediterranean littoral mixed sediment
1140; 1160
MA55
Mediterranean littoral sand
1130; 1140; 1160
MA65
Mediterranean littoral mud
1130; 1140; 1150; 1160
MB35
Mediterranean infralittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MB45
Mediterranean infralittoral mixed sediment

MB55
Mediterranean infralittoral sand
1110; 1130; 1150; 1160
MB65
Mediterranean infralittoral mud
1130; 1150
MC35
Mediterranean circalittoral coarse sediment
1110; 1160
MC45
Mediterranean circalittoral mixed sediment

MC55
Mediterranean circalittoral sand
1110; 1160
MC65
Mediterranean circalittoral mud
1130; 1160
MD35
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral coarse sediment

MD45
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral mixed sediment

MD55
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral sand

MD65
Mediterranean offshore circalittoral mud

ME35
Mediterranean upper bathyal coarse sediment

ME45
Mediterranean upper bathyal mixed sediment

ME55
Mediterranean upper bathyal sand

ME65
Mediterranean upper bathyal mud

MF35
Mediterranean lower bathyal coarse sediment

MF45
Mediterranean lower bathyal mixed sediment

MF55
Mediterranean lower bathyal sand

MF65
Mediterranean lower bathyal mud

ANNEX IIIMARINE SPECIES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 5(3)

▌

(2)dwarf sawfish (Pristis clavata);

(3)smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata);

(4)largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis);

▌

(6)basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) and white shark (Carcharodon carcharias);

(7)smooth lantern shark (Etmopterus pusillus);

(8)reef manta ray (Manta alfredi);

(9)giant manta ray (Manta birostris);

(10)devil fish (Mobula mobular);

(11)lesser Guinean devil ray (Mobula rochebrunei);

(12)spinetail mobula (Mobula japanica);

(13)smoothtail mobula (Mobula thurstoni);

(14)longhorned mobula (Mobula eregoodootenkee);

▌

(16)Chilean devil ray (Mobula tarapacana);

(17)shortfin devil ray (Mobula kuhlii);

(18)lesser devil ray (Mobula hypostoma);

(19)Norwegian skate (Raja (Dipturus) nidarosiensis);

(20)white skate (Raja alba);

(21)guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae);

(22)angel shark (Squatina squatina);

(23)salmon (Salmo salar);

(24)sea trout (Salmo trutta);

(25)houting (Coregonus oxyrhynchus).

▌ [Am. 47]

ANNEX V

COMMON FARMLAND BIRD INDEX AT NATIONAL LEVEL

Description

The Farmland Bird Index (FBI) summarises population trends of common and widespread birds of farmland and is intended as a proxy to assess the biodiversity status of agricultural ecosystems in Europe. The national FBI is a composite, multispecies index that measures the rate of change in the relative abundance of farmland bird species across selected survey sites at national level. The index is based on specially selected species that are dependent on farmland habitats for feeding and or nesting. National common farmland bird indices are based on species sets that are relevant to each Member State. The index is calculated with reference to a base year when the index value is typically set at 100. Trend values express the overall population change in the population size of the constituent farmland birds over a period of years.

Methodology: Brlík et al. (2021): Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds. Sci Data 8, 21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00804-2

“Member States with historically more depleted populations of farmland birds” means Member States where half or more species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States, where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used.

These Member States are:

Czechia

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Hungary

Italy

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Spain

“Member States with historically less depleted populations of farmland birds” means Member States where less than half of species contributing to the national common farmland bird index have a negative long-term population trend. In Member States, where information on long-term population trends is not available for some species, information on the European status of species is used.

These Member States are:

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Greece

Ireland

Latvia

Lithuania

Malta

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Sweden

List of species used for the common farmland bird index in the Member States

Austria
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus spinoletta
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis carduelis
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Lullula arborea
Miliaria calandra
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus citrinella
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus

Belgium - Flanders
Belgium - Wallonia
Alauda arvensis
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Anthus pratensis
Emberiza citrinella
Carduelis cannabina
Falco tinnunculus
Corvus frugilegus
Haematopus ostralegus
Emberiza citrinella
Hippolais icterina
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Hirundo rustica
Limosa limosa
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla alba
Motacilla flava
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Numenius arquata
Perdix perdix
Passer montanus
Saxicola torquatus
Perdix perdix
Streptopelia turtur
Phoenicurus ochruros
Sturnus vulgaris
Saxicola torquatus
Sylvia communis
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
Vanellus vanellus

Bulgaria
Alauda arvensis
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis cannabina
Coturnix coturnix
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Perdix perdix
Passer montanus
Sylvia communis
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Upupa epops

Croatia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis carduelis
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Lanius senator
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe hispanica
Oriolus oriolus
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia turtur
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus

Cyprus
Alectoris chukar
Athene noctua
Carduelis carduelis
Cisticola juncidis
Clamator glandarius
Columba palumbus
Coracias garrulus
Corvus corone cornix
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Francolinus francolinus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Iduna pallida
Linaria cannabina
Oenanthe cypriaca
Parus major
Passer hispaniolensis
Pica pica
Streptopelia turtur
Sylvia conspicillata
Sylvia melanocephala

Czechia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis cannabina
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus

Denmark
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis carduelis
Corvus corone
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Gallinago gallinago
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla alba
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Sylvia communis
Sylvia curruca
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus

Estonia
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Linaria cannabina
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus
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Finland
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Corvus monedula
Crex crex
Delichon urbica
Emberiza hortulana
Hirundo rustica
Numenius arquata
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubertra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Turdus pilaris
Vanellus vanellus

France
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris rufa
Anthus campestris
Anthus pratensis
Buteo buteo
Carduelis cannabina
Corvus frugilegus
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Lanius collurio
Lullula arborea
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe oenanthe
Perdix perdix
Saxicola torquatus
Saxicola rubetra
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus

Germany
Alauda arvensis
Athene noctua
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Limosa limosa
Lullula arborea
Miliaria calandra
Milvus milvus
Saxicola rubetra
Vanellus vanellus

Greece
Alauda arvensis
Apus apus
Athene noctua
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis chloris
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus corone
Corvus monedula
Delichon urbicum
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco naumanni
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo daurica
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Lanius senator
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Melanocorypha calandra
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Oenanthe hispanica
Oenanthe oenanthe
Passer domesticus
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia decaocto
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia melanocephala
Upupa epops

Hungary
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Locustella naevia
Merops apiaster
Motacilla flava
Perdix perdix
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Sylvia nisoria
Vanellus vanellus

Ireland
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis carduelis
Columba oenas
Columba palumbus
Corvus cornix
Corvus frugilegus
Corvus monedula
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Fringilla coelebs
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Motacilla alba
Passer domesticus
Phasianus colchicus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Sturnus vulgaris
Italy
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis chloris
Corvus cornix
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Luscinia megarhynchos
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla alba
Motacilla flava
Oriolus oriolus
Passer domesticus italiae
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus unicolor
Sturnus vulgaris
Upupa epops

Latvia
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis carduelis
Carpodacus erythrinus
Ciconia ciconia
Crex crex
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Locustella naevia
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus

Lithuania
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis carduelis
Ciconia ciconia
Crex crex
Emberiza citrinella
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus

Luxembourg
Alauda arvensis
Carduelis cannabina
Emberiza citrinella
Lanius collurio
Passer montanus
Saxicola torquatus
Sylvia communis
Malta
Calandrella brachydactyla
Linaria cannabina
Cettia cetti
Cisticola juncidis
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Lanius senator
Monticola solitarius
Passer hispaniolensis
Passer montanus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia decaocto
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia conspicillata
Sylvia melanocephala

Netherlands
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Athene noctua
Calidris pugnax
Carduelis carduelis
Corvus frugilegus
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Gallinago gallinago
Haematopus ostralegus
Hippolais icterina
Hirundo rustica
Limosa limosa
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla fl ava
Numenius arquata
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola torquatus
Spatula clypeata
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Tringa totanus
Turdus viscivorus
Vanellus vanellus

Poland
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis cannabina
Ciconia ciconia
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Limosa limosa
Miliaria calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola torquatus
Saxicola rubetra
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus

Portugal
Athene noctua
Bubulcus ibis
Carduelis carduelis
Chloris chloris
Ciconia ciconia
Cisticola juncidis
Coturnix coturnix
Delichon urbicum
Emberiza cirlus
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius meridionalis
Linaria cannabina
Merops apiaster
Miliaria calandra
Milvus migrans
Passer domesticus
Pica pica
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Sturnus unicolor
Upupa epops

Romania
Alauda arvensis
Anthus campestris
Calandrella brachydactyla
Ciconia ciconia
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Emberiza melanocephala
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Lanius minor
Linaria cannabina
Melanocorypha calandra
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Perdix perdix
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus

Slovakia
Alauda arvensis
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis carduelis
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Chloris chloris
Lanius collurio
Locustella naevia
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Sylvia nisoria
Vanellus vanellus

Slovenia
Acrocephalus palustris
Alauda arvensis
Anthus trivialis
Carduelis cannabina
Carduelis carduelis
Columba oenas
Columba palumbus
Emberiza calandra
Emberiza cirlus
Emberiza citrinella
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Jynx torquilla
Lanius collurio
Lullula arborea
Luscinia megarhynchos
Motacilla flava
Passer montanus
Phoenicurus phoenicurus
Picus viridis
Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola torquatus
Serinus serinus
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Upupa epops
Vanellus vanellus

Spain
Alauda arvensis
Alectoris rufa
Athene noctua
Calandrella brachydactyla
Carduelis carduelis
Cisticola juncidis
Corvus monedula
Coturnix coturnix
Emberiza calandra
Falco tinnunculus
Galerida cristata
Hirundo rustica
Linaria cannabina
Melanocorypha calandra
Merops apiaster
Oenanthe hispanica
Passer domesticus
Passer montanus
Pica pica
Pterocles orientalis
Streptopelia turtur
Sturnus unicolor
Tetrax tetrax
Upupa epops

Sweden
Alauda arvensis
Anthus pratensis
Carduelis cannabina
Corvus frugilegus
Emberiza citrinella
Emberiza hortulana
Falco tinnunculus
Hirundo rustica
Lanius collurio
Motacilla fl ava
Passer montanus
Saxicola rubetra
Sturnus vulgaris
Sylvia communis
Vanellus vanellus

ANNEX VI

LIST OF BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS FOR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 10(2) AND 10(2a)

Indicator
Description, unit, and methodology for determining and monitoring the indicator
Standing deadwood
Description: This indicator shows the amount of non-living standing woody biomass in forest and other wooded land.
Unit: m3/ha.
Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010, and taking into account the methodology as set out in Annex V of Regulation 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Lying deadwood
Description: This indicator shows the amount of non-living woody biomass lying on the ground in forest and other wooded land.
Unit: m3/ha.
Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010, and taking into account the methodology as set out in Annex V of Regulation 2018/1999 in accordance with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Share of forests with uneven-aged structure
Description: This indicator refers to the share of forests available for wood supply (FAWS) with uneven-aged structure in forests as compared to even-aged structure in forests.
Unit: Percent of FAWS with uneven-aged structure.
Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.
Forest connectivity
Description: Forest connectivity is the degree of compactness of forest covered areas. It is defined in the range of 0 to 100.
Unit: Index.
Methodology: as developed by FAO, Vogt P., et al., FAO – State of the World’s Forests: Forest Fragmentation, JRC Technical Report, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2019.
Common forest birds index
Description: The forest bird indicator describes trends in the abundance of common forest birds across their European ranges over time. It is a composite index created from observational data of bird species characteristic for forest habitats in Europe. The index is based on a specific list of species in each Member State.
Unit: Index.
Methodology: Brlík et al. Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds, Sci Data 8, 21. 2021.
Stock of organic carbon
Description: This indicator describes the stock of organic carbon in the litter and in the mineral soil at a depth of 0 to 30 cm in forest ecosystems.
Unit: tonnes organic carbon/ha.
Methodology: as set out in Annex V of Regulation 2018/1999 in accordance to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and as supported by the Land Use and Coverage Area frame Survey (LUCAS) Soil, Jones A. et al., LUCAS Soil 2022, JRC technical report, Publications Office of the European Union, 2021.
Share of forest dominated by native tree species
Description: Share of forest and other wooded land dominated by (>50% coverage) native tree species
Unit: %
Methodology: as developed and used by FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.
Tree species diversity
Description: This indicator describes the mean number of tree species occuring in forest areas
Unit: Index
Methodology: Based on FOREST EUROPE, State of Europe’s Forests 2020, FOREST EUROPE 2020, and in the description of national forest inventories in Tomppo E. et al., National Forest Inventories, Pathways for Common Reporting, Springer, 2010.

ANNEX VIILIST OF EXAMPLES OF RESTORATION MEASURES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 11(8)

(1)Restore wetlands, by rewetting drained peatlands, removing peatland drainage structures or de-poldering and discontinuing peat excavation.

(2)Improve hydrological conditions by increasing quantity, quality and dynamics of surface waters and groundwater levels for natural and semi-natural ecosystems.

(3)Remove unwanted scrub encroachment or non-native plantations on grasslands, wetlands, forests and sparsely vegetated land.

(4)Apply paludiculture.

(5)Re-establish the meandering of rivers and reconnect artificially cut meanders or oxbow lakes.

(6)Remove longitudinal and lateral barriers (such as dikes and dams), give more space to river dynamics and restore free-flowing river stretches.

(7)Re-naturalise river beds and lakes and lowland watercourses by e.g. removing artificial bed fixation, optimising substrate composition, improving or developing habitat cover.

(8)Restore natural sedimentation processes.

(9)Establish riparian buffers, e.g. riparian forests, buffer strips, meadows or pastures.

(10)Increase ecological features in forests, such as large, old and dying trees (habitat trees) and amounts of lying and standing deadwood.

(11)Work towards a diversified forest structure in terms of e.g. species composition and age, enable natural regeneration and succession of tree species.

(11a)Assist migration of provenances and species where it may be needed due to climate change.

(12)Enhance forest diversity by restoring mosaics of non-forest habitats such as open patches of grassland or heathland, ponds or rocky areas.

(13)Make use of “close-to-nature” or “continuous cover” forestry approaches; introduce native tree species.

(14)Enhance the development of old-growth native forests and mature stands (e.g. by abandonment of harvesting or by active mangagement which favours development of autoregulatory functions and appropriate resilience).

(15)Introduce high-diversity landscape features in arable land and intensively used grassland, such as buffer strips, field margins with native flowers, hedgerows, trees, small forests, terrace walls, ponds, habitat corridors and stepping stones, etc.

(16)Increase the agricultural area subject to agro-ecological management approaches such as organic agriculture or agro-forestry, multicropping and crop rotation, integrated pest and nutrient management.

(17)Reduce grazing intensity or mowing regimes on grasslands where relevant and re-establish extensive grazing with domestic livestock and extensive mowing regimes where they were abandoned.

(18)Stop or reduce the use of chemical pesticides as well as chemical and animal manure fertilizers.

(19)Stop ploughing grassland and introducing seeds of productive grasses.

(20)Remove plantations on former dynamic inland dune systems to re-enable natural wind dynamics in favour of open habitats.

(21)Improve connectivity across habitats to enable the development of populations of species, and to allow for sufficient individual or genetic exchange as well as for species’ migration and adaptation to climate change.

(22)Allow ecosystems to develop their own natural dynamics for example by abandoning harvesting and promoting naturalness, wilderness.

(23)Remove and control invasive alien species, and prevent or minimize new introductions.

(24)Minimise negative impacts of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem, for example by using gear with less impact on seabed.

(25)Restore important fish spawning and nursery areas.

(26)Provide structures or substrates to encourage the return of marine life, for example coral/oyster/boulder reefs.

(27)Restore seagrass meadows and kelp forests by actively stabilising the sea bottom, reducing and, where possible, eliminating pressures or by active propagation and planting.

(27a)Restore or improve the state of characteristic native spicies population vital to the ecology of marine habitats by conducting passive or active restoration measures, e.g. introducing juveniles.

(28)Reduce various forms of marine pollution, such as nutrient loading, noise pollution and plastic waste.

(29)Increase urban green spaces with ecological features, such as parks, trees and woodland patches ▌, green roofs, wildflower grasslands, gardens, city horticulture, tree-lined streets, urban meadows and hedges, ponds and watercourses, taking into consideration inter alia species diversity, native species, local conditions and resilience to climate change.

(30)Stop, reduce or remediate pollution from pharmaceuticals, hazardous chemicals, urban and industrial wastewater, and other waste including litter and plastics as well as light in all ecosystems.

(31)Convert brownfield sites, former industrial areas and quarries into natural sites.